Everything You Need to Know About the Establishment of the Republic in Portugal (October 5)
October 5 is one of the most symbolic public holidays in the Portuguese calendar. It commemorates the end of the constitutional monarchy and the birth of the Portuguese Republic in 1910. It is a day of national pride that celebrates the values of freedom, citizenship, and modernity.
1. A bit of history: What happened in 1910?
After years of political instability, economic crisis and the shock of the "Regicídio" (the assassination of King Carlos I in 1908), a revolution broke out in Lisbon on October 3, 1910. Driven by the Republican Party, with the support of the army and navy (notably the ships on the Tagus), the uprising triumphed in two days.
On October 5, 1910, at 9 a.m., the Republic was officially proclaimed from the balcony of Lisbon's City Hall (Câmara Municipal). The last king, D. Manuel II, then fled into exile in England from the port of Ericeira.
2. The major changes brought about by the Republic
This revolution didn't just change the head of state; it transformed the country's identity:
- The Flag: The blue and white of the monarchy was abandoned in favor of the Green and Red we know today.
- The Anthem: A Portuguesa became the official national anthem.
- The Currency: The Escudo replaced the Real (before the arrival of the Euro).
- Secularism: The separation of Church and State was established.
3. Why does it matter today?
Beyond the historical aspect, October 5 celebrates the sovereignty of the people. It is a day of official commemorations, often marked by speeches from the President of the Republic in Lisbon. For the Portuguese, it is also a time to reflect on democracy and on how the country has evolved over more than a century.
Did you know? October 5 almost disappeared! Between 2013 and 2015, this public holiday had been abolished as part of austerity measures, before being restored in 2016, to the great relief of the population, who hold it dear.
More information:
Learn more about the Republic Day in Portugal
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